10c Black (2). Large
margins, crisp impression, tied by red grid, matching "Cincinnati O. May 10
10" integral rate circular datestamp on 1850 folded letter to Philadelphia,
Extremely Fine, a beautiful cover (Image) 
10c Black (2). Full
margins, intense color, tied by red grid and also by matching "Pittsburgh
Pa. Dec. 19" circular datestamp on blue 1849 folded letter to Philadelphia,
fresh and Extremely Fine, ex Krug and Haas
(Image) 
10c Black (2). Large
margins all around incl. right sheet margin, used with D. O.
Blood & Co., 1c Bronze on Black Glazed (15L13), usual acid tie with
some erosion thru stamp, 10c tied by vivid "paint red" "New York 10cts Dec.
7" integral-rate circular datestamp, matching second strike and equally
bold "PHILADA. RAIL-ROAD" straightline handstamp on buff cover to
Wilton N.H., forwarded to New Market with ms. "Wilton N.H. Dec. 23"
postmark and 1850 year date, Blood's stamp faintly creased, 10c appears to
have some lightened stainsVERY FINE. A COLORFUL AND EXTREMELY RARE COMBINATION OF THE 10-CENT 1847 ISSUE AND BLOOD'S LOCAL-POST STAMP ON A RAILROAD COVER.
Ex Gibson and Kapiloff. Weill insignia on back. With 1974 P.F. certificate. (Image)
10c Black (2). Position
29R, large margins to clear, tied by ms. "X" and red "U.S. Express Mail
N.Y. N.York May 8" circular datestamp on blue 1850 folded letter to
St. John, New Brunswick, endorsed "pr. Mail via Robbinstown",
transit and receiving backstamps, Very Fine, scarce usage (Image) 
10c Black (2). Ample
margins all around, deep shade and beautiful proof-like impression, tied by
blue "Paid" in oval, matching "Philada. Pa. 10cts Jan. 13" integral-rate
circular datestamp on 1848 folded letter to Amsterdam, Holland,
sender's routing endorsement "Liverpool Steamer Caledonia from Boston,
Jan. 15", red Liverpool backstamp (Jan. 29), red straightline Dutch
transit and Amsterdam receiving datestamp on back, ms. "120" Dutch cents
due marking, "1/8" debit for postage due to Great Britain, addressee's last
name crossed out in penVERY FINE. THIS IS THE ONLY RECORDED GENUINE 10-CENT 1847 COVER TO HOLLAND IN THE ALEXANDER CENSUS. ONE OF THE "KEYS" TO A COMPREHENSIVE COLLECTION OF 1847 ISSUE COVERS TO FOREIGN DESTINATIONS.
The Cunarder Caledonia departed Boston on Jan. 15, 1848, and arrived in Liverpool on Jan. 29. Some covers from Philadelphia to Boston have a single 5c 1847 stamp for the under-300 miles rate, while others have a 5c pair or single 10c 1847 for the over-300 miles rate (the straight-line distance is 267 miles).
Illustrated in the Alexander book (p. 936). With 1981 P.F. certificate. (Image)
10c Black (2). Horizontal
strip of three, huge top margin with parts of three adjoining stamps, large
to clear at sides, slightly irregular bottom margin just barely in at
places, deep shade and fine impression, tied by several strikes of red
grid, matching "U.S. Express Mail N.Y. N.York Oct. 31" (1848) route
agent's circular datestamp on blue folded cover originating in New York
City and addressed to Sheffield, England, sender's routing "P.
R.S. Steam Ship Niagara" and docketing on back confirms Niagara
sailing, "1/-" shilling due handstamp applied at Liverpool,
"America/Liverpool NO 13 1848" and Sheffield receiving backstamps,
addressee's last name (Jeffrey) has been concealed with pen squiggle
linesVERY FINE. AN IMPRESSIVE FRANKING AND EXTREMELY RARE 1847 ISSUE COVER MAILED TO ENGLAND DURING THE RETALIATORY-RATE PERIOD.
The so-called Retaliatory Period resulted from Great Britain's effort to maintain its monopoly on transatlantic mail carriage through the subsidized Cunard steamship line, which operated without competition from 1840 through 1846. In response to the emergence of subsidized American packets in 1847, the British issued an order (effective June 9, 1847) authorizing its receiving offices to collect the usual British packet postage on letters carried to England by American subsidized steamers. This effectively allowed England to collect 24c packet charges for every inbound letter, whether or not any service had been performed.
The United States vehemently protested the British order through diplomatic channels, but efforts to persuade the government to rescind the anti-American postal tariff were unsuccessful. In December 1847, U.S. Postmaster General Cave Johnson petitioned Congress for power to levy like charges on mail carried by British steamers to or from the United States, but he was not authorized to do so until June 1848. On all Cunard sailings from June 24, 1848 (the Caledonia from Liverpool) through December 31, 1848 (the Europa arriving at New York), American packet postage was required on all inbound and outbound mail to England whether or not one of the American vessels was used, creating the so-called Retaliatory Rate. Beginning with the departure of the Europa from New York on January 10, 1849, earlier rates were restored, and soon after the new U.S.-British treaty rate was effected.
This cover to England reflects the dispute between Great Britain and the United States. The sender paid 5c for U.S. postage from New York City to Boston (postmarked by the railroad route agent) and prepaid the 24c Retaliatory Rate (1c overpayment). The letter was carried on board the Cunarder Niagara, departing Boston on Nov. 1, 1848, and arriving in Liverpool on Nov. 13. At the Liverpool foreign-mail office, the 24c prepayment was ignored and the "1/-" due handstamp was applied, indicating the amount owed by the addressee to the British Post Office for sea postage. Only seven or eight 1847 Issue covers are known with retaliatory-rate charges. (Image)